Matchup file

China vs Mongolia

123 shared metrics.

ChinaLeads in 71

vs123 shared

MongoliaLeads in 52

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China leads by 19 metrics. Use the same instinct in a quick real-data brawl.

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Country briefing

What matters for both sides

Short real-world notes so the comparison reads like more than a stat strip.

China

Quick notes before you compare the numbers.

Identity

Formal name: People's Republic of China.

CIA 2026

Curated stat

China's population began shrinking in 2022, its first annual decline in about six decades.

World Bank

Mongolia

Quick notes before you compare the numbers.

Identity

Name origin: name comes from the Mongol people, whose name derives from the Mongol root word mengu or mongu, meaning "brave" or "unconquered.

CIA 2026

Curated stat

Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries, with only about two people per km².

World Bank

Analysis

China leads in 71 of 123 shared metrics, while Mongolia leads in 52.

China's Domestic Patents is 13087.5x that of Mongolia (1.43M vs 109).

China's Scientific Publications is 3429.4x that of Mongolia (898.9K vs 262.05).

China's Foreign Patents is 2064.2x that of Mongolia (159.0K vs 77).

China's Electric Generating Capacity is 1952.0x that of Mongolia (2.95B kW vs 1.51M kW).

China's Water Withdrawal is 1228.4x that of Mongolia (568.48 B m³ vs 0.46 B m³).

Key Comparisons

Domestic PatentsChina leads

China

1.43M

Mongolia

109

Scientific PublicationsChina leads

China

898.9K

Mongolia

262.05

Foreign PatentsChina leads

China

159.0K

Mongolia

Electric Generating CapacityChina leads

China

2.95B kW

Mongolia

1.51M kW

Water WithdrawalChina leads

China

568.48 B m³

Mongolia

0.46 B m³

Electricity GenerationChina leads

China

10.1K TWh

Mongolia

8.4 TWh

All Metrics

Domestic Patents

China

1.43M

Mongolia

109

1308748% higher

Scientific Publications

China

898.9K

Mongolia

262.05

342945% higher

Foreign Patents

China

159.0K

Mongolia

206418% higher

Electric Generating Capacity

China

2.95B kW

Mongolia

1.51M kW

195198% higher

Water Withdrawal

China

568.48 B m³

Mongolia

0.46 B m³

122841% higher

Electricity Generation

China

10.1K TWh

Mongolia

8.4 TWh

120098% higher

Irrigated Land

China

690.1K km²

Mongolia

796 km²

86592% higher

Air Passengers

China

619.22M

Mongolia

773.7K

79933% higher

GDP (Nominal)

China

$18,743,803,170,827.2

Mongolia

$23,794,540,024.51

78674% higher

Total CO2 Emissions

China

13.1K Mt CO2e

Mongolia

27.66 Mt CO2e

47354% higher

Tourist Arrivals

China

30.40M

Mongolia

66.9K

45344% higher

Population

China

1.41B

Mongolia

3.28M

42780% higher

All-Time Olympic Gold Medals

China

330 gold medals

Mongolia

2.0 gold medals

16400% higher

Armed Forces Personnel

China

2.54M

Mongolia

18.0K

13983% higher

Railway Length

China

150.0K km

Mongolia

1.8K km

8164% higher

Seafood Consumption per Person

China

40.33 kg/person/yr

Mongolia

0.57 kg/person/yr

6975% higher

Population Density

China

150.26 /km²

Mongolia

2.2 /km²

6627% higher

Railway Network

China

109.8K km

Mongolia

1.8K km

5928% higher

R&D Spending (% GDP)

China

2.6% of GDP

Mongolia

0.08% of GDP

2953% higher

All-Time Olympic Medals

China

819 medals

Mongolia

31 medals

2542% higher

Comparison of China and Mongolia across 123 metrics
				Winner
Domestic Patents	1.43M	109	1308748% higher	China
Scientific Publications	898.9K	262.05	342945% higher	China
Foreign Patents	159.0K	77	206418% higher	China
Electric Generating Capacity	2.95B kW	1.51M kW	195198% higher	China
Water Withdrawal	568.48 B m³	0.46 B m³	122841% higher	China
Electricity Generation	10.1K TWh	8.4 TWh	120098% higher	China
Irrigated Land	690.1K km²	796 km²	86592% higher	China
Air Passengers	619.22M	773.7K	79933% higher	China
GDP (Nominal)	$18,743,803,170,827.2	$23,794,540,024.51	78674% higher	China
Total CO2 Emissions	13.1K Mt CO2e	27.66 Mt CO2e	47354% higher	China
Tourist Arrivals	30.40M	66.9K	45344% higher	China
Population	1.41B	3.28M	42780% higher	China
All-Time Olympic Gold Medals	330 gold medals	2.0 gold medals	16400% higher	China
Armed Forces Personnel	2.54M	18.0K	13983% higher	China
Railway Length	150.0K km	1.8K km	8164% higher	China
Seafood Consumption per Person	40.33 kg/person/yr	0.57 kg/person/yr	6975% higher	China
Population Density	150.26 /km²	2.2 /km²	6627% higher	China
Railway Network	109.8K km	1.8K km	5928% higher	China
R&D Spending (% GDP)	2.6% of GDP	0.08% of GDP	2953% higher	China
All-Time Olympic Medals	819 medals	31 medals	2542% higher	China
Merchant Fleet Size	8.3K	318	2514% higher	China
Forest Area	2.26M km²	141.7K km²	1492% higher	China
Airports	571	37	1443% higher	China
Water Stress (%)	20.21%	1.3%	1421% higher	China
UNESCO World Heritage Sites	60 sites	6.0 sites	900% higher	China
Credit Card Ownership	46.03% of adults	5.5% of adults	732% higher	China
Border Neighbors	16	2.0	700% higher	China
Land Area	9.39M km²	1.56M km²	502% higher	China
Solar Electricity Share	11.1%	2.2%	412% higher	China
Renewable Energy (%)	15.2%	3.0%	407% higher	China
Researchers	1.8K per 1M	535.37 per 1M	245% higher	China
Broadband Access (%)	45 per 100 people	15 per 100 people	200% higher	China
Elderly Population (%)	14.67%	5.1%	185% higher	China
Land Border Length	22.5K km	8.1K km	178% higher	China
Forest Coverage (%)	24.03%	9.1%	164% higher	China
Electricity Use (Per Capita)	6.5K kWh/person	2.5K kWh/person	156% higher	China
GNI Per Capita	$13,660	$5,380	154% higher	China
Food Waste per Person	141.64 kg/person/yr	59.77 kg/person/yr	137% higher	China
ATMs per 100,000 Adults	72.03 per 100k	30.79 per 100k	134% higher	China
Military Spending	1.7% of GDP	0.74% of GDP	131% higher	China
Highest Elevation	8.8K m	4.4K m	102% higher	China
Firms Asked for Bribes	0.14% of firms	16.09% of firms	99% lower	Mongolia
FDI Inflows (% GDP)	0.10% of GDP	11.69% of GDP	99% lower	Mongolia
Inflation Rate	0.20%	6.8%	97% lower	Mongolia
Capital Elevation	43 m	1.4K m	97% lower	Mongolia
Firms Making Informal Payments	0.29% of firms	10.21% of firms	97% lower	Mongolia
Freedom of Expression Index	0.04	0.77	94% lower	Mongolia
Wind Electricity Share	10.73%	5.6%	93% higher	China
Homicide Rate	0.50 per 100k	5.9 per 100k	92% lower	Mongolia
Liberal Democracy Index	0.04	0.42	91% lower	Mongolia
Electoral Democracy Index	0.07	0.54	87% lower	Mongolia
Firms Hit by Power Outages	3.7% of firms	27.18% of firms	87% lower	Mongolia
EV Chargers per 100,000 PeopleSource: © OpenStreetMap contributors - Open Database License (ODbL)	0.22 per 100k people	0.12 per 100k people	80% higher	China
Milk Consumption per Person	32.66 kg/person/yr	139.82 kg/person/yr	77% lower	Mongolia
Imports (% GDP)	17.18% of GDP	69.73% of GDP	75% lower	Mongolia
Teen Birth Rate	5.2 per 1k	19.74 per 1k	74% lower	Mongolia
Exports (% GDP)	20.02% of GDP	68.72% of GDP	71% lower	Mongolia
Minimum Paid Vacation Days	5.0 days/yr	15 days/yr	67% lower	Mongolia
Obesity Rate	8.2%	23.99%	66% lower	Mongolia
Infant Mortality	4.5 per 1k births	11.4 per 1k births	61% lower	Mongolia
Birth Rate	7.3 per 1k	18.01 per 1k	60% lower	Mongolia
Tax Revenue (% GDP)	7.6% of GDP	16.85% of GDP	55% lower	Mongolia
Child Mortality	6.2 per 1k births	13.6 per 1k births	54% lower	Mongolia
Fertility Rate	1.2 children/woman	2.6 children/woman	54% lower	Mongolia
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)	5.0 per 1k	10.6 per 1k	53% lower	Mongolia
Suicide Rate	8.9 per 100k	18.5 per 100k	52% lower	Mongolia
Energy Use (Per Capita)	2.9K kg oil eq/person	1.9K kg oil eq/person	51% higher	China
Health Spending Per Capita	$672.45	$448.24	50% higher	China
Youth Population (%)	16.01%	32.19%	50% lower	Mongolia
Death Rate	8.0 per 1k	5.3 per 1k	49% higher	China
Beer Consumption	1.1 L/person/yr	2.2 L/person/yr	48% lower	Mongolia
Median Age	39.1 years	26.8 years	46% higher	China
GDP Per Capita (PPP)	$27,104.87	$19,144.73	42% higher	China
Hypertension Prevalence	27.3% of adults	45.2% of adults	40% lower	Mongolia
Alcohol Consumption	4.6 L/adult/yr	7.7 L/adult/yr	40% lower	Mongolia
Road Traffic Death Rate	17.4 per 100k	12.4 per 100k	40% higher	China
Corruption Perceptions Index	43 pts	31 pts	39% higher	China
Health Spending (% GDP)	5.4% of GDP	8.9% of GDP	39% lower	Mongolia
Coal Electricity Share	54.35%	85.76%	37% lower	Mongolia
Electricity Carbon Intensity	525.34 gCO2/kWh	816.31 gCO2/kWh	36% lower	Mongolia
Youth Unemployment Rate	15.79% of youth labor force	11.71% of youth labor force	35% higher	China
CO2 Per Capita	8.7 t/person/yr	12.86 t/person/yr	33% lower	Mongolia
Meat Consumption per Person	60.6 kg/person/yr	88.38 kg/person/yr	31% lower	Mongolia
Sanitation Access (%)	97.27%	74.28%	31% higher	China
Spirits Consumption	2.5 L/person/yr	3.4 L/person/yr	28% lower	Mongolia
Women's Political Empowerment	0.59	0.81	27% lower	Mongolia
Firms with Female Top Manager	19.6% of firms	26.96% of firms	27% lower	Mongolia
Dependency Ratio	44.24% of working-age pop.	59.57% of working-age pop.	26% lower	Mongolia
Doctors (per 1,000)	3.1 per 1k	4.1 per 1k	25% lower	Mongolia
Tobacco Use Prevalence	22.7% of adults	29.5% of adults	23% lower	Mongolia
Vehicles per 1,000 People	212.35 per 1k people	272.44 per 1k people	22% lower	Mongolia
Smoking Rate	23.4%	29.5%	21% lower	Mongolia
Protected Land (%)	15.6%	19.8%	21% lower	Mongolia
Political Corruption Index	0.55	0.69	20% lower	Mongolia
Agricultural Land (%)	55.43%	68.96%	20% lower	Mongolia
Air Pollution (PM2.5)	34.81 µg/m³	29.65 µg/m³	17% higher	China
High-Tech Exports (%)	26.28%	22.54%	17% higher	China
Unemployment Rate	4.6%	5.4%	16% lower	Mongolia
Inequality (Gini)	36	31.4	15% higher	China
University Enrollment Rate	76.88%	69.04%	11% higher	China
Internet Users (%)	92%	83%	11% higher	China
Education Spending (% GDP)	4.0% of GDP	3.7% of GDP	9% higher	China
Life Expectancy	78.0 years	72.1 years	8% higher	China
Government Debt (% GDP)	47% of GDP	43.34% of GDP	8% higher	China
Human Development Index	0.80	0.75	7% higher	China
Urban Population (%)	65.89%	70.96%	7% lower	Mongolia
Digital Payments Used	88.72% of adults	94.91% of adults	7% lower	Mongolia
Mobile Subscriptions (%)	132 per 100 people	141.09 per 100 people	6% lower	Mongolia
Insufficient Physical Activity	23.84% of adults	22.57% of adults	6% higher	China
Women in Parliament (%)	26.54%	25.4%	4% higher	China
Can Raise Emergency Money	95.1% of adults	98.87% of adults	4% lower	Mongolia
GDP Growth Rate	5.0%	5.1%	3% lower	Mongolia
Adult Literacy Rate	96.74%	98.64%	2% lower	Mongolia
Life Evaluation Score	6.1 pts	5.9 pts	2% higher	China
Average Weekly Work Hours	46.1 hrs/week	46.72 hrs/week	1% lower	Mongolia
Time Zones Count	4.0 time zones	4.0 time zones	equal	China
Coastline Length	14.5K km	0 km	ranked higher	China
Electricity Access (%)	100%	100%	equal	China
Nobel Laureates Born per Million People	0.01 per 1M people	0 per 1M people	ranked higher	China
Lowest Elevation	-154 m	560 m	ranked lower	Mongolia
Official Languages Count	1.0	1.0	equal	China
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)	3.7% of GDP	-8.6% of GDP	ranked higher	China
McDonald's Outlets per Million PeopleSource: © OpenStreetMap contributors - Open Database License (ODbL)	1.6 per 1M people	0 per 1M people	ranked higher	China

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China Mongolia

Analysis

China leads in 71 of 123 shared metrics, while Mongolia leads in 52.

China's Domestic Patents is 13087.5x that of Mongolia (1.43M vs 109).

China's Scientific Publications is 3429.4x that of Mongolia (898.9K vs 262.05).

China's Foreign Patents is 2064.2x that of Mongolia (159.0K vs 77).

China's Electric Generating Capacity is 1952.0x that of Mongolia (2.95B kW vs 1.51M kW).

China's Water Withdrawal is 1228.4x that of Mongolia (568.48 B m³ vs 0.46 B m³).

Key Comparisons

Domestic PatentsChina leads

China

1.43M

Mongolia

109

Scientific PublicationsChina leads

China

898.9K

Mongolia

262.05

Foreign PatentsChina leads

China

159.0K

Mongolia

Electric Generating CapacityChina leads

China

2.95B kW

Mongolia

1.51M kW

Water WithdrawalChina leads

China

568.48 B m³

Mongolia

0.46 B m³

Electricity GenerationChina leads

China

10.1K TWh

Mongolia

8.4 TWh

Domestic Patents

1.43M

109

Scientific Publications

898.9K

262.05

Foreign Patents

159.0K

Electric Generating Capacity

2.95B kW

1.51M kW

Water Withdrawal

568.48 B m³

0.46 B m³

Electricity Generation

10.1K TWh

8.4 TWh

Irrigated Land

690.1K km²

796 km²

Air Passengers

619.22M

773.7K

GDP (Nominal)

$18,743,803,170,827.2

$23,794,540,024.51

Total CO2 Emissions

13.1K Mt CO2e

27.66 Mt CO2e

Tourist Arrivals

30.40M

66.9K

Population

1.41B

3.28M

All-Time Olympic Gold Medals

330 gold medals

2.0 gold medals

Armed Forces Personnel

2.54M

18.0K

Railway Length

150.0K km

1.8K km

Seafood Consumption per Person

40.33 kg/person/yr

0.57 kg/person/yr

Population Density

150.26 /km²

2.2 /km²

Railway Network

109.8K km

1.8K km

R&D Spending (% GDP)

2.6% of GDP

0.08% of GDP

All-Time Olympic Medals

819 medals

31 medals

China vs Mongolia

Think you can spot the next winner?

What matters for both sides

China

Mongolia

Analysis

Key Comparisons

All Metrics

Domestic Patents

Scientific Publications

Foreign Patents

Electric Generating Capacity

Water Withdrawal

Electricity Generation

Irrigated Land

Air Passengers

GDP (Nominal)

Total CO2 Emissions

Tourist Arrivals

Population

All-Time Olympic Gold Medals

Armed Forces Personnel

Railway Length

Seafood Consumption per Person

Population Density

Railway Network

R&D Spending (% GDP)

All-Time Olympic Medals

Merchant Fleet Size

Forest Area

Airports

Water Stress (%)

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Credit Card Ownership

Border Neighbors

Land Area

Solar Electricity Share

Renewable Energy (%)

Researchers

Broadband Access (%)

Elderly Population (%)

Land Border Length

Forest Coverage (%)

Electricity Use (Per Capita)

GNI Per Capita

Food Waste per Person

ATMs per 100,000 Adults

Military Spending

Highest Elevation

Firms Asked for Bribes

FDI Inflows (% GDP)

Inflation Rate

Capital Elevation

Firms Making Informal Payments

Freedom of Expression Index

Wind Electricity Share

Homicide Rate

Liberal Democracy Index

Electoral Democracy Index

Firms Hit by Power Outages

EV Chargers per 100,000 People

Milk Consumption per Person

Imports (% GDP)

Teen Birth Rate

Exports (% GDP)

Minimum Paid Vacation Days

Obesity Rate

Infant Mortality

Birth Rate

Tax Revenue (% GDP)

Child Mortality

Fertility Rate

Hospital Beds (per 1,000)

Suicide Rate

Energy Use (Per Capita)

Health Spending Per Capita

Youth Population (%)

Death Rate

Beer Consumption

Median Age