Estonia
Quick notes before you compare the numbers.
Identity
Formal name: Republic of Estonia.
CIA 2026
Matchup file
Estonia vs Latvia
181 shared metrics.
Turn the comparison into a round
Think you can spot the next winner?
Estonia leads by 13 metrics. Use the same instinct in a quick real-data brawl.
Country briefing
What matters for both sides
Short real-world notes so the comparison reads like more than a stat strip.
Latvia
Quick notes before you compare the numbers.
Identity
Formal name: Republic of Latvia.
CIA 2026
Identity
Name origin: the name originates from the Latgalians, one of four eastern Baltic tribes that formed the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.).
CIA 2026
Analysis
Estonia leads in 97 of 181 shared metrics, while Latvia leads in 84.
Estonia's Water Stress (%) is 8.3x that of Latvia (9.5% vs 1.0%).
Estonia's Coastline Length is 6.6x that of Latvia (3.8K km vs 498 km).
Estonia's Water Withdrawal is 6.0x that of Latvia (1.2 B m³ vs 0.17 B m³).
Estonia's Wind Electricity Share is 4.4x that of Latvia (18.82% vs 3.5%).
Estonia's Capital Elevation is 3.7x that of Latvia (28 m vs 6.0 m).
Key Comparisons
Water Stress (%)Estonia leads
Estonia
9.5%
Latvia
1.0%
Coastline LengthEstonia leads
Estonia
3.8K km
Latvia
498 km
Water WithdrawalEstonia leads
Estonia
1.2 B m³
Latvia
0.17 B m³
Wind Electricity ShareEstonia leads
Estonia
18.82%
Latvia
3.5%
Capital ElevationEstonia leads
Estonia
28 m
Latvia
6.0 m
Long Work HoursEstonia leads
Estonia
2.0% of employees
Latvia
0.49% of employees
All Metrics
Water Stress (%)
EstoniaEstonia
9.5%
Latvia
1.0%
832% higher
Coastline Length
EstoniaEstonia
3.8K km
Latvia
498 km
662% higher
Water Withdrawal
EstoniaEstonia
1.2 B m³
Latvia
0.17 B m³
600% higher
Wind Electricity Share
EstoniaEstonia
18.82%
Latvia
3.5%
436% higher
Capital Elevation
EstoniaEstonia
28 m
Latvia
6.0 m
367% higher
Long Work Hours
EstoniaEstonia
2.0% of employees
Latvia
0.49% of employees
300% higher
Irrigated Land
EstoniaEstonia
20 km²
Latvia
6.0 km²
233% higher
Inflation Rate
EstoniaEstonia
3.5%
Latvia
1.3%
169% higher
R&D Spending (% GDP)
EstoniaEstonia
1.8% of GDP
Latvia
0.76% of GDP
133% higher
Electricity Carbon Intensity
EstoniaEstonia
319.15 gCO2/kWh
Latvia
138.76 gCO2/kWh
130% higher
Researchers
EstoniaEstonia
4.7K per 1M
Latvia
2.3K per 1M
105% higher
Credit Card Ownership
EstoniaEstonia
34.86% of adults
Latvia
17.08% of adults
104% higher
Time Dissatisfaction
EstoniaEstonia
10.5% of adults 16+
Latvia
5.3% of adults 16+
97% higher
CO2 Per Capita
EstoniaEstonia
6.1 t/person/yr
Latvia
3.5 t/person/yr
77% higher
Domestic Patents
LatviaEstonia
25
Latvia
104
76% lower
Foreign Patents
LatviaEstonia
1.0
Latvia
4.0
75% lower
Firms Making Informal Payments
LatviaEstonia
0.66% of firms
Latvia
2.5% of firms
74% lower
Median Wealth
EstoniaEstonia
$118,188
Latvia
$69,735
69% higher
Political Corruption Index
LatviaEstonia
0.03
Latvia
0.07
64% lower
Milk Consumption per Person
EstoniaEstonia
284.85 kg/person/yr
Latvia
174.11 kg/person/yr
64% higher
Overcrowded Housing
LatviaEstonia
12.6% of households
Latvia
32.83% of households
62% lower
Relationship Dissatisfaction
EstoniaEstonia
5.3% of adults 16+
Latvia
3.3% of adults 16+
59% higher
Vehicles per 1,000 People
EstoniaEstonia
657.43 per 1k people
Latvia
413.76 per 1k people
59% higher
Financial Hardship
LatviaEstonia
9.9% of adults 16+
Latvia
23.3% of adults 16+
58% lower
Electricity Use (Per Capita)
EstoniaEstonia
5.7K kWh/person
Latvia
3.6K kWh/person
58% higher
Total CO2 Emissions
EstoniaEstonia
10.65 Mt CO2e
Latvia
6.8 Mt CO2e
56% higher
Nurses & Midwives
EstoniaEstonia
6.9 per 1k
Latvia
4.4 per 1k
55% higher
Road Traffic Death Rate
LatviaEstonia
4.4 per 100k
Latvia
9.8 per 100k
55% lower
Youth Unemployment Rate
EstoniaEstonia
19.7% of youth labor force
Latvia
12.95% of youth labor force
52% higher
Land Border Length
LatviaEstonia
657 km
Latvia
1.4K km
52% lower
Low Reading Skills
LatviaEstonia
5.2% of students
Latvia
10.65% of students
51% lower
Low Math Skills
LatviaEstonia
5.2% of students
Latvia
10.65% of students
51% lower
Low Science Skills
LatviaEstonia
5.2% of students
Latvia
10.65% of students
51% lower
Housing Cost Burden
EstoniaEstonia
11.03% of households
Latvia
7.4% of households
50% higher
Time Zones Count
LatviaEstonia
1.0 time zones
Latvia
2.0 time zones
50% lower
Border Neighbors
LatviaEstonia
2.0
Latvia
4.0
50% lower
Tourist Arrivals
LatviaEstonia
1.70M
Latvia
3.20M
47% lower
Air Pollution (PM2.5)
LatviaEstonia
6.1 µg/m³
Latvia
11.6 µg/m³
47% lower
Depression Rate
EstoniaEstonia
8.2% of adults 15+
Latvia
5.6% of adults 15+
46% higher
Broadband Access (%)
EstoniaEstonia
38 per 100 people
Latvia
26 per 100 people
46% higher
Road Deaths
LatviaEstonia
4.3 per 100k
Latvia
7.5 per 100k
43% lower
Political Voice
EstoniaEstonia
17.24% who feel heard by government
Latvia
12.1% who feel heard by government
42% higher
Homicide Rate
LatviaEstonia
1.4 per 100k
Latvia
2.4 per 100k
42% lower
Seafood Consumption per Person
LatviaEstonia
14.62 kg/person/yr
Latvia
24.87 kg/person/yr
41% lower
Solar Electricity Share
EstoniaEstonia
18.49%
Latvia
13.08%
41% higher
Minimum Paid Vacation Days
EstoniaEstonia
28 days/yr
Latvia
20 days/yr
40% higher
Renewable Energy (%)
LatviaEstonia
17.95%
Latvia
29.67%
40% lower
Shipping Traffic
LatviaEstonia
288.5K
Latvia
471.7K
39% lower
Homicide Rate
LatviaEstonia
1.5 per 100k
Latvia
2.5 per 100k
38% lower
Energy Use (Per Capita)
EstoniaEstonia
3.1K kg oil eq/person
Latvia
2.2K kg oil eq/person
38% higher
Informal Employment Share
LatviaEstonia
6.0% of employed people
Latvia
9.7% of employed people
38% lower
Low Adult Numeracy
LatviaEstonia
13.3% of adults
Latvia
21.08% of adults
37% lower
Airports
LatviaEstonia
34
Latvia
54
37% lower
Infant Mortality
LatviaEstonia
1.6 per 1k births
Latvia
2.5 per 1k births
36% lower
Railway Length
LatviaEstonia
1.4K km
Latvia
2.2K km
35% lower
Gender Pay Gap (%)
EstoniaEstonia
24.65% of male wages
Latvia
18.41% of male wages
34% higher
Teen Birth Rate
LatviaEstonia
5.0 per 1k
Latvia
7.6 per 1k
34% lower
GNI Per Capita
EstoniaEstonia
$28,880
Latvia
$21,630
34% higher
Firms with Female Top Manager
LatviaEstonia
16% of firms
Latvia
24.14% of firms
34% lower
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
LatviaEstonia
2.0 sites
Latvia
3.0 sites
33% lower
Land Area
LatviaEstonia
42.7K km²
Latvia
62.2K km²
31% lower
Firms Hit by Power Outages
EstoniaEstonia
26.16% of firms
Latvia
19.93% of firms
31% higher
Child Mortality
LatviaEstonia
2.1 per 1k births
Latvia
3.0 per 1k births
30% lower
Population
LatviaEstonia
1.34M
Latvia
1.89M
29% lower
Forest Area
LatviaEstonia
24.4K km²
Latvia
34.2K km²
29% lower
Tax Revenue (% GDP)
EstoniaEstonia
21.33% of GDP
Latvia
16.63% of GDP
28% higher
Fuel Poverty
LatviaEstonia
3.6% of adults 16+
Latvia
4.9% of adults 16+
27% lower
Corruption Perceptions Index
EstoniaEstonia
76 pts
Latvia
60 pts
27% higher
Agricultural Land (%)
LatviaEstonia
23.12%
Latvia
31.67%
27% lower
Tobacco Use Prevalence
LatviaEstonia
25.6% of adults
Latvia
34.2% of adults
25% lower
Mobile Subscriptions (%)
EstoniaEstonia
151 per 100 people
Latvia
121 per 100 people
25% higher
Job Strain
LatviaEstonia
23% of employees
Latvia
30.29% of employees
24% lower
EV Chargers per 100,000 People
EstoniaEstonia
23.65 per 100k people
Latvia
19.12 per 100k people
24% higher
Youth NEET Rate
EstoniaEstonia
9.6% of youth 15-24
Latvia
7.8% of youth 15-24
23% higher
Chronic Pain
LatviaEstonia
23% of adults 15+
Latvia
29.5% of adults 15+
22% lower
Armed Forces Personnel
LatviaEstonia
7.0K
Latvia
9.0K
22% lower
Government Debt (% GDP)
LatviaEstonia
28.3% of GDP
Latvia
36.3% of GDP
22% lower
Health Spending Per Capita
EstoniaEstonia
$1,998.89
Latvia
$1,642.47
22% higher
Long-Term Unemployment
LatviaEstonia
1.9% of workforce
Latvia
2.3% of workforce
21% lower
Earnings Inequality
LatviaEstonia
3.4 vs bottom 10%
Latvia
4.4 vs bottom 10%
21% lower
Time Use Inequality
EstoniaEstonia
2.5 vs bottom 20%
Latvia
2.1 vs bottom 20%
21% higher
University Enrollment Rate
LatviaEstonia
67.62%
Latvia
85.74%
21% lower
Education Spending (% GDP)
EstoniaEstonia
5.2% of GDP
Latvia
4.3% of GDP
21% higher
Poor Health
LatviaEstonia
12.3% reporting poor health
Latvia
15.1% reporting poor health
19% lower
Spirits Consumption
LatviaEstonia
4.6 L/person/yr
Latvia
5.7 L/person/yr
19% lower
Protected Land (%)
EstoniaEstonia
22%
Latvia
18.5%
19% higher
Self-Rated Health
EstoniaEstonia
57.7% reporting good health
Latvia
49% reporting good health
18% higher
Women in Senior Management
LatviaEstonia
36.03% of managers
Latvia
43.99% of managers
18% lower
Low Life Satisfaction
EstoniaEstonia
7.3% of adults 16+
Latvia
6.3% of adults 16+
17% higher
Smoking Rate
LatviaEstonia
28.3%
Latvia
33.9%
17% lower
Alcohol Consumption
LatviaEstonia
10.68 L/adult/yr
Latvia
12.87 L/adult/yr
17% lower
Exports (% GDP)
EstoniaEstonia
75.67% of GDP
Latvia
65.33% of GDP
16% higher
Unemployment Rate
EstoniaEstonia
7.8%
Latvia
6.7%
16% higher
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)
LatviaEstonia
4.5 per 1k
Latvia
5.3 per 1k
15% lower
Job Insecurity
LatviaEstonia
5.4% of earnings at risk
Latvia
6.3% of earnings at risk
14% lower
Average Earnings
LatviaEstonia
$38,974.83
Latvia
$45,566.52
14% lower
Low-Wage Workers
LatviaEstonia
12.05% of workers
Latvia
14.08% of workers
14% lower
Renewable Energy (%)
LatviaEstonia
38%
Latvia
44%
14% lower
Death Rate
LatviaEstonia
12.57 per 1k
Latvia
14.68 per 1k
14% lower
Disposable Income (Per Capita)
EstoniaEstonia
$27,863
Latvia
$24,637
13% higher
Safety at Night
EstoniaEstonia
84% feeling safe at night
Latvia
74.5% feeling safe at night
13% higher
Merchant Fleet Size
LatviaEstonia
72
Latvia
83
13% lower
Imports (% GDP)
EstoniaEstonia
75.37% of GDP
Latvia
66.93% of GDP
13% higher
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
EstoniaEstonia
$49,321.04
Latvia
$43,780.38
13% higher
Beer Consumption
LatviaEstonia
4.0 L/person/yr
Latvia
4.6 L/person/yr
12% lower
Relationship Inequality
EstoniaEstonia
2.0 vs bottom 20%
Latvia
1.8 vs bottom 20%
12% higher
Income Gap (Rich vs Poor)
LatviaEstonia
5.6 vs bottom 20%
Latvia
6.2 vs bottom 20%
11% lower
Air Pollution Exposure
LatviaEstonia
89.13% of population
Latvia
99.86% of population
11% lower
Obesity Rate
LatviaEstonia
26.67%
Latvia
29.81%
11% lower
Happiness Inequality
EstoniaEstonia
2.3 vs bottom 20%
Latvia
2.0 vs bottom 20%
11% higher
Liberal Democracy Index
EstoniaEstonia
0.84
Latvia
0.75
11% higher
McDonald's Outlets per Million People
EstoniaEstonia
8.2 per 1M people
Latvia
7.4 per 1M people
11% higher
Inequality (Gini)
LatviaEstonia
30.7
Latvia
34
10% lower
Housing Affordability
LatviaEstonia
76.47% of income
Latvia
83.76% of income
9% lower
Scientific Publications
EstoniaEstonia
1.8K
Latvia
1.7K
9% higher
Birth Rate
EstoniaEstonia
7.9 per 1k
Latvia
7.2 per 1k
9% higher
Fertility Rate
EstoniaEstonia
1.4 children/woman
Latvia
1.3 children/woman
9% higher
Reading Skills
EstoniaEstonia
511.03 pts
Latvia
474.57 pts
8% higher
Hypertension Prevalence
LatviaEstonia
40.3% of adults
Latvia
43.9% of adults
8% lower
Health Spending (% GDP)
LatviaEstonia
7.0% of GDP
Latvia
7.6% of GDP
8% lower
Food Waste per Person
EstoniaEstonia
134 kg/person/yr
Latvia
124 kg/person/yr
8% higher
Voter Turnout
EstoniaEstonia
63.53% of votes
Latvia
59.43% of votes
7% higher
Wealth Concentration
EstoniaEstonia
59.05% of wealth
Latvia
55.08% of wealth
7% higher
Meat Consumption per Person
LatviaEstonia
63.64 kg/person/yr
Latvia
68.73 kg/person/yr
7% lower
Women in Parliament (%)
LatviaEstonia
29.7%
Latvia
32%
7% lower
Sanitation Access (%)
EstoniaEstonia
99.02%
Latvia
92.53%
7% higher
Math Skills
EstoniaEstonia
509.95 pts
Latvia
483.16 pts
6% higher
Science Skills
EstoniaEstonia
525.81 pts
Latvia
493.84 pts
6% higher
Green Space Access
EstoniaEstonia
72.85% of urban pop.
Latvia
68.88% of urban pop.
6% higher
Population Density
EstoniaEstonia
32.07 /km²
Latvia
30.27 /km²
6% higher
Average Weekly Work Hours
LatviaEstonia
35.5 hrs/week
Latvia
37.6 hrs/week
6% lower
Electoral Democracy Index
EstoniaEstonia
0.89
Latvia
0.83
6% higher
Electric Generating Capacity
LatviaEstonia
3.23M kW
Latvia
3.43M kW
6% lower
Electricity Generation
LatviaEstonia
6.1 TWh
Latvia
6.5 TWh
6% lower
Employment Rate (%)
EstoniaEstonia
83.42% of adults 25-64
Latvia
79.17% of adults 25-64
5% higher
High-Tech Exports (%)
EstoniaEstonia
18.38%
Latvia
17.49%
5% higher
Deaths (Suicide/Alcohol/Drugs)
LatviaEstonia
42.32 per 100k
Latvia
44.03 per 100k
4% lower
Forest Coverage (%)
EstoniaEstonia
57.07%
Latvia
55%
4% higher
ATMs per 100,000 Adults
EstoniaEstonia
58.39 per 100k
Latvia
56.18 per 100k
4% higher
Life Expectancy
EstoniaEstonia
78.5 years
Latvia
75.7 years
4% higher
Military Spending
EstoniaEstonia
3.4% of GDP
Latvia
3.3% of GDP
4% higher
Can Raise Emergency Money
EstoniaEstonia
94.83% of adults
Latvia
91.2% of adults
4% higher
Freedom of Expression Index
EstoniaEstonia
0.97
Latvia
0.93
4% higher
Loneliness
EstoniaEstonia
6.6% of adults 16+
Latvia
6.4% of adults 16+
3% higher
Median Age
LatviaEstonia
41.9 years
Latvia
43.1 years
3% lower
Urban Population (%)
EstoniaEstonia
70.7%
Latvia
68.48%
3% higher
Digital Payments Used
EstoniaEstonia
98.65% of adults
Latvia
95.35% of adults
3% higher
Home Internet Access
EstoniaEstonia
90.87% of households
Latvia
89.48% of households
2% higher
Time Satisfaction
LatviaEstonia
7.1 pts
Latvia
7.2 pts
2% lower
Human Development Index
EstoniaEstonia
0.91
Latvia
0.89
2% higher
Life Satisfaction
EstoniaEstonia
7.1 pts
Latvia
6.9 pts
2% higher
Reading Score Gap
LatviaEstonia
1.6 vs bottom 10%
Latvia
1.7 vs bottom 10%
2% lower
Safe Drinking Water (%)
EstoniaEstonia
98.94%
Latvia
97.01%
2% higher
Doctors (per 1,000)
EstoniaEstonia
3.5 per 1k
Latvia
3.4 per 1k
2% higher
Suicide Rate
LatviaEstonia
14.94 per 100k
Latvia
15.21 per 100k
2% lower
Elderly Population (%)
LatviaEstonia
21.3%
Latvia
21.74%
2% lower
Highest Elevation
EstoniaEstonia
318 m
Latvia
312 m
2% higher
Social Support
EstoniaEstonia
93.35% of adults 15+
Latvia
91.97% of adults 15+
1% higher
Dependency Ratio
LatviaEstonia
58.57% of working-age pop.
Latvia
59.11% of working-age pop.
1% lower
Women's Political Empowerment
LatviaEstonia
0.94
Latvia
0.95
1% lower
Internet Users (%)
LatviaEstonia
92.24%
Latvia
92.71%
1% lower
GDP (Nominal)
LatviaEstonia
$43,130,419,829.35
Latvia
$43,684,254,432.36
1% lower
Life Evaluation Score
EstoniaEstonia
6.4 pts
Latvia
6.4 pts
1% higher
Youth Population (%)
EstoniaEstonia
15.64%
Latvia
15.41%
1% higher
Insufficient Physical Activity
EstoniaEstonia
15.61% of adults
Latvia
15.44% of adults
1% higher
Poverty Rate
EstoniaEstonia
16.17% of population
Latvia
16.17% of population
equal
Job Satisfaction
EstoniaEstonia
7.7 pts
Latvia
7.6 pts
equal
Relationship Satisfaction
LatviaEstonia
7.9 pts
Latvia
7.9 pts
equal
Extreme Temperature Exposure
EstoniaEstonia
0% of population
Latvia
0% of population
ranked higher
Math Score Gap
EstoniaEstonia
1.5 vs bottom 10%
Latvia
1.5 vs bottom 10%
equal
Science Score Gap
LatviaEstonia
1.6 vs bottom 10%
Latvia
1.6 vs bottom 10%
equal
Lack of Support
EstoniaEstonia
6.1% of adults 15+
Latvia
6.0% of adults 15+
equal
Coal Electricity Share
EstoniaEstonia
0%
Latvia
0%
ranked higher
Electricity Access (%)
EstoniaEstonia
100%
Latvia
100%
equal
Firms Asked for Bribes
LatviaEstonia
0% of firms
Latvia
0.04% of firms
ranked lower
GDP Growth Rate
LatviaEstonia
-0.09%
Latvia
-0.05%
ranked lower
Nobel Laureates Born per Million People
LatviaEstonia
0 per 1M people
Latvia
0.53 per 1M people
ranked lower
Lowest Elevation
EstoniaEstonia
0 m
Latvia
0 m
ranked higher
Official Languages Count
EstoniaEstonia
1.0
Latvia
1.0
equal
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)
EstoniaEstonia
-0.2% of GDP
Latvia
-3.4% of GDP
ranked higher
FDI Inflows (% GDP)
LatviaEstonia
-7.97% of GDP
Latvia
3.5% of GDP
ranked lower
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