Matchup file

Estonia vs Latvia

183 shared metrics.

EstoniaLeads in 99

vs183 shared

LatviaLeads in 84

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Country briefing

What matters for both sides

Short real-world notes so the comparison reads like more than a stat strip.

Estonia

Quick notes before you compare the numbers.

Identity

Formal name: Republic of Estonia.

CIA 2026

Curated stat

Estonia puts nearly all public services online, backed by secure digital ID.

e-Estonia

Latvia

Quick notes before you compare the numbers.

Identity

Formal name: Republic of Latvia.

CIA 2026

Identity

Name origin: the name originates from the Latgalians, one of four eastern Baltic tribes that formed the ethnic core of the Latvian people (ca. 8th-12th centuries A.D.).

CIA 2026

Analysis

Estonia leads in 99 of 183 shared metrics, while Latvia leads in 84.

Estonia's Water Stress (%) is 8.3x that of Latvia (9.5% vs 1.0%).

Estonia's Coastline Length is 6.6x that of Latvia (3.8K km vs 498 km).

Estonia's Water Withdrawal is 6.0x that of Latvia (1.2 B m³ vs 0.17 B m³).

Estonia's Wind Electricity Share is 4.4x that of Latvia (18.82% vs 3.5%).

Estonia's Capital Elevation is 3.7x that of Latvia (28 m vs 6.0 m).

Key Comparisons

Water Stress (%)Estonia leads

Estonia

9.5%

Latvia

1.0%

Coastline LengthEstonia leads

Estonia

3.8K km

Latvia

498 km

Water WithdrawalEstonia leads

Estonia

1.2 B m³

Latvia

0.17 B m³

Wind Electricity ShareEstonia leads

Estonia

18.82%

Latvia

3.5%

Capital ElevationEstonia leads

Estonia

28 m

Latvia

6.0 m

Long Work HoursEstonia leads

Estonia

2.0% of employees

Latvia

0.49% of employees

All Metrics

Water Stress (%)

Estonia

9.5%

Latvia

1.0%

832% higher

Coastline Length

Estonia

3.8K km

Latvia

498 km

662% higher

Water Withdrawal

Estonia

1.2 B m³

Latvia

0.17 B m³

600% higher

Wind Electricity Share

Estonia

18.82%

Latvia

3.5%

436% higher

Capital Elevation

Estonia

28 m

Latvia

6.0 m

367% higher

Long Work Hours

Estonia

2.0% of employees

Latvia

0.49% of employees

300% higher

Irrigated Land

Estonia

20 km²

Latvia

6.0 km²

233% higher

All-Time Olympic Gold Medals

Estonia

14 gold medals

Latvia

5.0 gold medals

180% higher

Inflation Rate

Estonia

3.5%

Latvia

1.3%

169% higher

R&D Spending (% GDP)

Estonia

1.8% of GDP

Latvia

0.76% of GDP

133% higher

Electricity Carbon Intensity

Estonia

319.15 gCO2/kWh

Latvia

138.76 gCO2/kWh

130% higher

Researchers

Estonia

4.7K per 1M

Latvia

2.3K per 1M

105% higher

Credit Card Ownership

Estonia

34.86% of adults

Latvia

17.08% of adults

104% higher

Time Dissatisfaction

Estonia

10.5% of adults 16+

Latvia

5.3% of adults 16+

97% higher

CO2 Per Capita

Estonia

6.1 t/person/yr

Latvia

3.5 t/person/yr

77% higher

Domestic Patents

Latvia

Estonia

Latvia

104

76% lower

Foreign Patents

Latvia

Estonia

1.0

Latvia

4.0

75% lower

Firms Making Informal Payments

Latvia

Estonia

0.66% of firms

Latvia

2.5% of firms

74% lower

Median Wealth

Estonia

$118,188

Latvia

$69,735

69% higher

Political Corruption Index

Latvia

Estonia

0.03

Latvia

0.07

64% lower

Comparison of Estonia and Latvia across 183 metrics
				Winner
Water Stress (%)	9.5%	1.0%	832% higher	Estonia
Coastline Length	3.8K km	498 km	662% higher	Estonia
Water Withdrawal	1.2 B m³	0.17 B m³	600% higher	Estonia
Wind Electricity Share	18.82%	3.5%	436% higher	Estonia
Capital Elevation	28 m	6.0 m	367% higher	Estonia
Long Work Hours	2.0% of employees	0.49% of employees	300% higher	Estonia
Irrigated Land	20 km²	6.0 km²	233% higher	Estonia
All-Time Olympic Gold Medals	14 gold medals	5.0 gold medals	180% higher	Estonia
Inflation Rate	3.5%	1.3%	169% higher	Estonia
R&D Spending (% GDP)	1.8% of GDP	0.76% of GDP	133% higher	Estonia
Electricity Carbon Intensity	319.15 gCO2/kWh	138.76 gCO2/kWh	130% higher	Estonia
Researchers	4.7K per 1M	2.3K per 1M	105% higher	Estonia
Credit Card Ownership	34.86% of adults	17.08% of adults	104% higher	Estonia
Time Dissatisfaction	10.5% of adults 16+	5.3% of adults 16+	97% higher	Estonia
CO2 Per Capita	6.1 t/person/yr	3.5 t/person/yr	77% higher	Estonia
Domestic Patents	25	104	76% lower	Latvia
Foreign Patents	1.0	4.0	75% lower	Latvia
Firms Making Informal Payments	0.66% of firms	2.5% of firms	74% lower	Latvia
Median Wealth	$118,188	$69,735	69% higher	Estonia
Political Corruption Index	0.03	0.07	64% lower	Latvia
Milk Consumption per Person	284.85 kg/person/yr	174.11 kg/person/yr	64% higher	Estonia
Overcrowded Housing	12.6% of households	32.83% of households	62% lower	Latvia
Relationship Dissatisfaction	5.3% of adults 16+	3.3% of adults 16+	59% higher	Estonia
Vehicles per 1,000 People	657.43 per 1k people	413.76 per 1k people	59% higher	Estonia
Financial Hardship	9.9% of adults 16+	23.3% of adults 16+	58% lower	Latvia
Electricity Use (Per Capita)	5.7K kWh/person	3.6K kWh/person	58% higher	Estonia
Total CO2 Emissions	10.65 Mt CO2e	6.8 Mt CO2e	56% higher	Estonia
Nurses & Midwives	6.9 per 1k	4.4 per 1k	55% higher	Estonia
Road Traffic Death Rate	4.4 per 100k	9.8 per 100k	55% lower	Latvia
Youth Unemployment Rate	19.7% of youth labor force	12.95% of youth labor force	52% higher	Estonia
Land Border Length	657 km	1.4K km	52% lower	Latvia
Low Reading Skills	5.2% of students	10.65% of students	51% lower	Latvia
Low Math Skills	5.2% of students	10.65% of students	51% lower	Latvia
Low Science Skills	5.2% of students	10.65% of students	51% lower	Latvia
Housing Cost Burden	11.03% of households	7.4% of households	50% higher	Estonia
Time Zones Count	1.0 time zones	2.0 time zones	50% lower	Latvia
Border Neighbors	2.0	4.0	50% lower	Latvia
Tourist Arrivals	1.70M	3.20M	47% lower	Latvia
Air Pollution (PM2.5)	6.1 µg/m³	11.6 µg/m³	47% lower	Latvia
Depression Rate	8.2% of adults 15+	5.6% of adults 15+	46% higher	Estonia
Broadband Access (%)	38 per 100 people	26 per 100 people	46% higher	Estonia
Road Deaths	4.3 per 100k	7.5 per 100k	43% lower	Latvia
Political Voice	17.24% who feel heard by government	12.1% who feel heard by government	42% higher	Estonia
Homicide Rate	1.4 per 100k	2.4 per 100k	42% lower	Latvia
Seafood Consumption per Person	14.62 kg/person/yr	24.87 kg/person/yr	41% lower	Latvia
Solar Electricity Share	18.49%	13.08%	41% higher	Estonia
Minimum Paid Vacation Days	28 days/yr	20 days/yr	40% higher	Estonia
Renewable Energy (%)	17.95%	29.67%	40% lower	Latvia
Shipping Traffic	288.5K	471.7K	39% lower	Latvia
Homicide Rate	1.5 per 100k	2.5 per 100k	38% lower	Latvia
Energy Use (Per Capita)	3.1K kg oil eq/person	2.2K kg oil eq/person	38% higher	Estonia
Informal Employment Share	6.0% of employed people	9.7% of employed people	38% lower	Latvia
Low Adult Numeracy	13.3% of adults	21.08% of adults	37% lower	Latvia
Airports	34	54	37% lower	Latvia
Infant Mortality	1.6 per 1k births	2.5 per 1k births	36% lower	Latvia
All-Time Olympic Medals	45 medals	33 medals	36% higher	Estonia
Railway Length	1.4K km	2.2K km	35% lower	Latvia
Gender Pay Gap (%)	24.65% of male wages	18.41% of male wages	34% higher	Estonia
Teen Birth Rate	5.0 per 1k	7.6 per 1k	34% lower	Latvia
GNI Per Capita	$28,880	$21,630	34% higher	Estonia
Firms with Female Top Manager	16% of firms	24.14% of firms	34% lower	Latvia
UNESCO World Heritage Sites	2.0 sites	3.0 sites	33% lower	Latvia
Land Area	42.7K km²	62.2K km²	31% lower	Latvia
Firms Hit by Power Outages	26.16% of firms	19.93% of firms	31% higher	Estonia
Child Mortality	2.1 per 1k births	3.0 per 1k births	30% lower	Latvia
Population	1.34M	1.89M	29% lower	Latvia
Forest Area	24.4K km²	34.2K km²	29% lower	Latvia
Tax Revenue (% GDP)	21.33% of GDP	16.63% of GDP	28% higher	Estonia
Fuel Poverty	3.6% of adults 16+	4.9% of adults 16+	27% lower	Latvia
Corruption Perceptions Index	76 pts	60 pts	27% higher	Estonia
Agricultural Land (%)	23.12%	31.67%	27% lower	Latvia
Tobacco Use Prevalence	25.6% of adults	34.2% of adults	25% lower	Latvia
Mobile Subscriptions (%)	151 per 100 people	121 per 100 people	25% higher	Estonia
Job Strain	23% of employees	30.29% of employees	24% lower	Latvia
EV Chargers per 100,000 PeopleSource: © OpenStreetMap contributors - Open Database License (ODbL)	23.65 per 100k people	19.12 per 100k people	24% higher	Estonia
Youth NEET Rate	9.6% of youth 15-24	7.8% of youth 15-24	23% higher	Estonia
Chronic Pain	23% of adults 15+	29.5% of adults 15+	22% lower	Latvia
Armed Forces Personnel	7.0K	9.0K	22% lower	Latvia
Government Debt (% GDP)	28.3% of GDP	36.3% of GDP	22% lower	Latvia
Health Spending Per Capita	$1,998.89	$1,642.47	22% higher	Estonia
Long-Term Unemployment	1.9% of workforce	2.3% of workforce	21% lower	Latvia
Earnings Inequality	3.4 vs bottom 10%	4.4 vs bottom 10%	21% lower	Latvia
Time Use Inequality	2.5 vs bottom 20%	2.1 vs bottom 20%	21% higher	Estonia
University Enrollment Rate	67.62%	85.74%	21% lower	Latvia
Education Spending (% GDP)	5.2% of GDP	4.3% of GDP	21% higher	Estonia
Poor Health	12.3% reporting poor health	15.1% reporting poor health	19% lower	Latvia
Spirits Consumption	4.6 L/person/yr	5.7 L/person/yr	19% lower	Latvia
Protected Land (%)	22%	18.5%	19% higher	Estonia
Self-Rated Health	57.7% reporting good health	49% reporting good health	18% higher	Estonia
Women in Senior Management	36.03% of managers	43.99% of managers	18% lower	Latvia
Low Life Satisfaction	7.3% of adults 16+	6.3% of adults 16+	17% higher	Estonia
Smoking Rate	28.3%	33.9%	17% lower	Latvia
Alcohol Consumption	10.68 L/adult/yr	12.87 L/adult/yr	17% lower	Latvia
Exports (% GDP)	75.67% of GDP	65.33% of GDP	16% higher	Estonia
Unemployment Rate	7.8%	6.7%	16% higher	Estonia
Hospital Beds (per 1,000)	4.5 per 1k	5.3 per 1k	15% lower	Latvia
Job Insecurity	5.4% of earnings at risk	6.3% of earnings at risk	14% lower	Latvia
Average Earnings	$38,974.83	$45,566.52	14% lower	Latvia
Low-Wage Workers	12.05% of workers	14.08% of workers	14% lower	Latvia
Renewable Energy (%)	38%	44%	14% lower	Latvia
Death Rate	12.57 per 1k	14.68 per 1k	14% lower	Latvia
Disposable Income (Per Capita)	$27,863	$24,637	13% higher	Estonia
Safety at Night	84% feeling safe at night	74.5% feeling safe at night	13% higher	Estonia
Merchant Fleet Size	72	83	13% lower	Latvia
Imports (% GDP)	75.37% of GDP	66.93% of GDP	13% higher	Estonia
GDP Per Capita (PPP)	$49,321.04	$43,780.38	13% higher	Estonia
Beer Consumption	4.0 L/person/yr	4.6 L/person/yr	12% lower	Latvia
Relationship Inequality	2.0 vs bottom 20%	1.8 vs bottom 20%	12% higher	Estonia
Income Gap (Rich vs Poor)	5.6 vs bottom 20%	6.2 vs bottom 20%	11% lower	Latvia
Air Pollution Exposure	89.13% of population	99.86% of population	11% lower	Latvia
Obesity Rate	26.67%	29.81%	11% lower	Latvia
Happiness Inequality	2.3 vs bottom 20%	2.0 vs bottom 20%	11% higher	Estonia
Liberal Democracy Index	0.84	0.75	11% higher	Estonia
McDonald's Outlets per Million PeopleSource: © OpenStreetMap contributors - Open Database License (ODbL)	8.2 per 1M people	7.4 per 1M people	11% higher	Estonia
Inequality (Gini)	30.7	34	10% lower	Latvia
Housing Affordability	76.47% of income	83.76% of income	9% lower	Latvia
Scientific Publications	1.8K	1.7K	9% higher	Estonia
Birth Rate	7.9 per 1k	7.2 per 1k	9% higher	Estonia
Fertility Rate	1.4 children/woman	1.3 children/woman	9% higher	Estonia
Reading Skills	511.03 pts	474.57 pts	8% higher	Estonia
Hypertension Prevalence	40.3% of adults	43.9% of adults	8% lower	Latvia
Health Spending (% GDP)	7.0% of GDP	7.6% of GDP	8% lower	Latvia
Food Waste per Person	134 kg/person/yr	124 kg/person/yr	8% higher	Estonia
Voter Turnout	63.53% of votes	59.43% of votes	7% higher	Estonia
Wealth Concentration	59.05% of wealth	55.08% of wealth	7% higher	Estonia
Meat Consumption per Person	63.64 kg/person/yr	68.73 kg/person/yr	7% lower	Latvia
Women in Parliament (%)	29.7%	32%	7% lower	Latvia
Sanitation Access (%)	99.02%	92.53%	7% higher	Estonia
Math Skills	509.95 pts	483.16 pts	6% higher	Estonia
Science Skills	525.81 pts	493.84 pts	6% higher	Estonia
Green Space Access	72.85% of urban pop.	68.88% of urban pop.	6% higher	Estonia
Population Density	32.07 /km²	30.27 /km²	6% higher	Estonia
Average Weekly Work Hours	35.5 hrs/week	37.6 hrs/week	6% lower	Latvia
Electoral Democracy Index	0.89	0.83	6% higher	Estonia
Electric Generating Capacity	3.23M kW	3.43M kW	6% lower	Latvia
Electricity Generation	6.1 TWh	6.5 TWh	6% lower	Latvia
Employment Rate (%)	83.42% of adults 25-64	79.17% of adults 25-64	5% higher	Estonia
High-Tech Exports (%)	18.38%	17.49%	5% higher	Estonia
Deaths (Suicide/Alcohol/Drugs)	42.32 per 100k	44.03 per 100k	4% lower	Latvia
Forest Coverage (%)	57.07%	55%	4% higher	Estonia
ATMs per 100,000 Adults	58.39 per 100k	56.18 per 100k	4% higher	Estonia
Life Expectancy	78.5 years	75.7 years	4% higher	Estonia
Military Spending	3.4% of GDP	3.3% of GDP	4% higher	Estonia
Can Raise Emergency Money	94.83% of adults	91.2% of adults	4% higher	Estonia
Freedom of Expression Index	0.97	0.93	4% higher	Estonia
Loneliness	6.6% of adults 16+	6.4% of adults 16+	3% higher	Estonia
Median Age	41.9 years	43.1 years	3% lower	Latvia
Urban Population (%)	70.7%	68.48%	3% higher	Estonia
Digital Payments Used	98.65% of adults	95.35% of adults	3% higher	Estonia
Home Internet Access	90.87% of households	89.48% of households	2% higher	Estonia
Time Satisfaction	7.1 pts	7.2 pts	2% lower	Latvia
Human Development Index	0.91	0.89	2% higher	Estonia
Life Satisfaction	7.1 pts	6.9 pts	2% higher	Estonia
Reading Score Gap	1.6 vs bottom 10%	1.7 vs bottom 10%	2% lower	Latvia
Safe Drinking Water (%)	98.94%	97.01%	2% higher	Estonia
Doctors (per 1,000)	3.5 per 1k	3.4 per 1k	2% higher	Estonia
Suicide Rate	14.94 per 100k	15.21 per 100k	2% lower	Latvia
Elderly Population (%)	21.3%	21.74%	2% lower	Latvia
Highest Elevation	318 m	312 m	2% higher	Estonia
Social Support	93.35% of adults 15+	91.97% of adults 15+	1% higher	Estonia
Dependency Ratio	58.57% of working-age pop.	59.11% of working-age pop.	1% lower	Latvia
Women's Political Empowerment	0.94	0.95	1% lower	Latvia
Internet Users (%)	92.24%	92.71%	1% lower	Latvia
GDP (Nominal)	$43,130,419,829.35	$43,684,254,432.36	1% lower	Latvia
Life Evaluation Score	6.4 pts	6.4 pts	1% higher	Estonia
Youth Population (%)	15.64%	15.41%	1% higher	Estonia
Insufficient Physical Activity	15.61% of adults	15.44% of adults	1% higher	Estonia
Poverty Rate	16.17% of population	16.17% of population	equal	Estonia
Job Satisfaction	7.7 pts	7.6 pts	equal	Estonia
Relationship Satisfaction	7.9 pts	7.9 pts	equal	Latvia
Extreme Temperature Exposure	0% of population	0% of population	ranked higher	Estonia
Math Score Gap	1.5 vs bottom 10%	1.5 vs bottom 10%	equal	Estonia
Science Score Gap	1.6 vs bottom 10%	1.6 vs bottom 10%	equal	Latvia
Lack of Support	6.1% of adults 15+	6.0% of adults 15+	equal	Estonia
Coal Electricity Share	0%	0%	ranked higher	Estonia
Electricity Access (%)	100%	100%	equal	Estonia
Firms Asked for Bribes	0% of firms	0.04% of firms	ranked lower	Latvia
GDP Growth Rate	-0.09%	-0.05%	ranked lower	Latvia
Nobel Laureates Born per Million People	0 per 1M people	0.53 per 1M people	ranked lower	Latvia
Lowest Elevation	0 m	0 m	ranked higher	Estonia
Official Languages Count	1.0	1.0	equal	Estonia
Current Account Balance (% of GDP)	-0.2% of GDP	-3.4% of GDP	ranked higher	Estonia
FDI Inflows (% GDP)	-7.97% of GDP	3.5% of GDP	ranked lower	Latvia

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Estonia Latvia

Analysis

Estonia leads in 99 of 183 shared metrics, while Latvia leads in 84.

Estonia's Water Stress (%) is 8.3x that of Latvia (9.5% vs 1.0%).

Estonia's Coastline Length is 6.6x that of Latvia (3.8K km vs 498 km).

Estonia's Water Withdrawal is 6.0x that of Latvia (1.2 B m³ vs 0.17 B m³).

Estonia's Wind Electricity Share is 4.4x that of Latvia (18.82% vs 3.5%).

Estonia's Capital Elevation is 3.7x that of Latvia (28 m vs 6.0 m).

Key Comparisons

Water Stress (%)Estonia leads

Estonia

9.5%

Latvia

1.0%

Coastline LengthEstonia leads

Estonia

3.8K km

Latvia

498 km

Water WithdrawalEstonia leads

Estonia

1.2 B m³

Latvia

0.17 B m³

Wind Electricity ShareEstonia leads

Estonia

18.82%

Latvia

3.5%

Capital ElevationEstonia leads

Estonia

28 m

Latvia

6.0 m

Long Work HoursEstonia leads

Estonia

2.0% of employees

Latvia

0.49% of employees

Water Stress (%)

9.5%

1.0%

Coastline Length

3.8K km

498 km

Water Withdrawal

1.2 B m³

0.17 B m³

Wind Electricity Share

18.82%

3.5%

Capital Elevation

28 m

6.0 m

Long Work Hours

2.0% of employees

0.49% of employees

Irrigated Land

20 km²

6.0 km²

All-Time Olympic Gold Medals

14 gold medals

5.0 gold medals

Inflation Rate

3.5%

1.3%

R&D Spending (% GDP)

1.8% of GDP

0.76% of GDP

Electricity Carbon Intensity

319.15 gCO2/kWh

138.76 gCO2/kWh

Researchers

4.7K per 1M

2.3K per 1M

Credit Card Ownership

34.86% of adults

17.08% of adults

Time Dissatisfaction

10.5% of adults 16+

5.3% of adults 16+

CO2 Per Capita

6.1 t/person/yr

3.5 t/person/yr

Domestic Patents

104

Foreign Patents

1.0

4.0

Firms Making Informal Payments

0.66% of firms

2.5% of firms

Median Wealth

$118,188

$69,735

Political Corruption Index

0.03

0.07

Estonia vs Latvia

Think you can spot the next winner?

What matters for both sides

Estonia

Latvia

Analysis

Key Comparisons

All Metrics

Water Stress (%)

Coastline Length

Water Withdrawal

Wind Electricity Share

Capital Elevation

Long Work Hours

Irrigated Land

All-Time Olympic Gold Medals

Inflation Rate

R&D Spending (% GDP)

Electricity Carbon Intensity

Researchers

Credit Card Ownership

Time Dissatisfaction

CO2 Per Capita

Domestic Patents

Foreign Patents

Firms Making Informal Payments

Median Wealth

Political Corruption Index

Milk Consumption per Person

Overcrowded Housing

Relationship Dissatisfaction

Vehicles per 1,000 People

Financial Hardship

Electricity Use (Per Capita)

Total CO2 Emissions

Nurses & Midwives

Road Traffic Death Rate

Youth Unemployment Rate

Land Border Length

Low Reading Skills

Low Math Skills

Low Science Skills

Housing Cost Burden

Time Zones Count

Border Neighbors

Tourist Arrivals

Air Pollution (PM2.5)

Depression Rate

Broadband Access (%)

Road Deaths

Political Voice

Homicide Rate

Seafood Consumption per Person

Solar Electricity Share

Minimum Paid Vacation Days

Renewable Energy (%)

Shipping Traffic

Homicide Rate

Energy Use (Per Capita)

Informal Employment Share

Low Adult Numeracy

Airports

Infant Mortality

All-Time Olympic Medals

Railway Length

Gender Pay Gap (%)

Teen Birth Rate

GNI Per Capita

Firms with Female Top Manager

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Land Area

Firms Hit by Power Outages

Child Mortality

Population

Forest Area

Tax Revenue (% GDP)

Fuel Poverty

Corruption Perceptions Index

Agricultural Land (%)

Tobacco Use Prevalence